Growth and Development of Quaker Testimony, 1652-1661 and 1960-1994

Description

This study examines the historical and spiritual underpinnings of contemporary Quaker approaches to conflict in Third World military settings. Early Quaker Testimony (EQT, c.1647-61) was predicated on conflict on three levels: (i) inner, in which sin was purged, (ii) among themselves, and (iii) from hostile external forces. EQT also possessed a tripartite form: (i) settling conflicts within and beyond their movement, (ii) witnessing for justice and peace, and (iii) establishing mutual support systems. Contemporary Quaker Testimony, also arising from conflict and in tripartite form, is compared to EQT to delineate convergences and divergences in theology, language use, approaches to authorities, public witness and mutual support systems. Specifically investigated is South African Quakerism under Apartheidbetween the Sharpeville atrocity (1960) and all-party elections (1994) and whose odyssey makes possible an analysis and discussion of individual and corporate experiences of conflict; these reflect EQT since South African Quakers were familiar with oppression, civil war and in-movement conflict. South African Friends played an important conciliatory role with the principal disputing parties, became active in the anti-Apartheid struggles and enacted systems of mutual support. Of special interest is Hendrik W. van der Merwe who helped facilitate eventual talks leading to the release of Nelson Mandela whom he knew. Quaker mediation is described along with conflict disputes techniques within the context of mediation-conflict theory. This study will benefit individuals and organizations involved in mediation, facilitation and Third-party intervention, and community, industrial, school, church and family dispute resolution.